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The two reasons to ever decant

Reason 1: Aeration. You want to push oxygen into a young, tight, tannic wine to open it up. The longer the better — within reason.

Reason 2: Sediment. You want to gently separate an old, mature wine from gritty deposit at the bottom. The wine is fragile. The shorter, the better.

These two jobs need different decanters, different timings, opposite mindsets. Confusing them is how a precious 30-year-old Bordeaux ends up overwhelmed by oxygen and dies in twenty minutes.

Two decanters side by side — a wide-base aeration decanter and a tall narrow sediment decanter
Wide base for young wines. Tall narrow for old wines. The shape tells you the job.